Oil burner



Nov. 22, 1938. E F, ADOLFSON 2,137,681

OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 7, 1957 s ZZ L54 Patented Nov. 22, 1938 UNITEDSTATES alertar PATENT OFFICE 8 Claims.

This invention relates to oil burners and in particular to natural drafttype oil burners.

The main object of this invention is to provide a highly eicient naturaldraft type oil burner particularly adapted for use in domestic heatingplants and the like wherein complete combustion of fuel oil burned inthe said oil burner is accomplished.

Another object of the invention is to provide a natural draft oil burnerwherein heated air is supplied to slow burning fuel oil in such a manneras to create complete combustion of the said fuel oil and transfer alazy flame into a live air jetted oil llame.

Another object of the invention is to provide a natural draft type oilburner having a combustion bowl adapted to effectively heat fuel oilsupplied thereto to a highly volatile state prior to combustion wherebyto permit flame from the combustion bowl of the oil burner to carry withit incompletely combusted particles of oil ready for combustion andwherein the natural draft of the burner is transformed into an air jetwhich contacts the said flame from the combustion bowl causing completecombustion of all particles of oil in the oil flame immediately abovethe said combustion bowl.

Another object of the invention is to provide a natural draft type oilburner in which fuel oil fed by gravity to the combustion bowl thereofis.

effectively heated therein prior to combustion to a highly volatilestate whereby the slow burning thereof carries from the said combustionbowl particles of incombusted oil which particles of incombusted oilbecome completely combusted at an air jet created by natural draft andwarmed by the heat of the oil burner, which air jet is directed againstthe slow burning flame from the combustion bowl whereupon the oilpartially combusted becomes completely combusted and the normal lazyflame from the combustion bowl becomes live and energetic thereabove.

Another object of the invention is to provide lan inexpensive simplehighly eiiicient oil burner which has no moving parts and requires noadjustments or service. Y

Other objects of this invention will become apparent by reference to thefollowing detailed description taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawing, in which:

Fig. 1 is a cross sectional View of an oil burner embodying theinvention taken along the lines I-I of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a top elevational view of an oil burner j embodying theinvention having certain portions thereof broken away to better show theinvention.

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view through the fire box of a domesticfurnace showing the installation of a natural draft type oil burnerembodying the invention therein.

Referring now to the Vdrawing wherein like numerals refer to like andcorresponding parts throughout the several views, the embodiment of theinvention disclosed therein comprises, in general, an annular combustionbowl Ill` having a centrally disposed hub II spaced from the innerperiphery of the said annular combustion bowl IU by a plurality vofradially disposed webs I2 through which fuel is supplied to the saidcombustion bowl I 0; the said combustion bowl I0, centrally disposed hubII and radially disposed webs I2 being preferably cast as an integralwhole. The said annular combustion bowl Ill'has a suitable generallydisc shaped cap it secured thereover, the said cap i3 being providedwith an annular jet ring I4 having an outer depending lip- I4!) ofless'diameter than the said combustion bowl Iii secured in spacedrelation- Ship below the outer portion of the said cap i3 as bestindicated in Fig. 1.

The said annular combustion bowl I0 is composed of a vertically disposedinner rim I5, a vertically disposedouter rim I6 and a bottom I l, theouter portion of the inner bottom of which is radially dished asindicated by the numeral I'I in Fig. 1. The inner portion of the bottomof the said annular combustion bowl lll is provided with a plurality ofannular steps I8, rI5] and ,2li rising successively upward toward anupper annular fuel distributing step 2l sloped radially inward towardthe inner rim I5 of the said annular combustion bowl I0, all as bestshown in Fig. 1 of the drawing.

Fuel is supplied preferably by gravity to the fuel distributing step 2|from a suitable source through the fuel supply pipe 22 communicatingwith the vertically disposed bore 23 in the bottom of the central hub II of the said combustion bowl I0 from whence it flows through diagonallydisposed bores 24 in the radially disposed webs I2 to the said upperannular fuel distributing step 2|.

The centrally disposed hub I I and the radially disposed webs I2adjacent thereto extend above the top of the annular combustion bowl II)a disposed hub II of the annular combustion bowl II] by means of amachine bolt 25. The annular jet ring I4 having an outer depending lip|40 is secured in spaced relationship below the outer portion of thesaid disc shaped cap I3 by suitable machine screws 26, the said jet ringI4 being vertically spaced with respect to the said disc shaped cap I3by spacers 2'I.

The said disc shaped cap I3 is provided with an annular dependingportion 28 radially spaced with respect to the inner periphery of thejet ring I4 and so shaped and located with respect to the inner rim I5of the combustion bowl I0 as to cause natural draft from below theannular combustion bowl I0 which rises in the central aperture 29between the inner rim I5 of the said combustion bowl I0 and thecentrally disposed hub II thereof to jet radially outward between thetop of the jet ring I4 and the bot-` tom of the disc shaped cap I3 asindicated by the arrows 30 in Fig. 1 when fuel oil is slowly burned inthe inner bottom of the combustion bowl IU. A small portion of the saidair passing through the central aperture 29 of the annular combustionbowl I0 passes below the outer depending lip |40 of the jet ring I4 asindicated by the dotted arrows 3| in Fig. l.

As best illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 the combustion bowl I8 ispreferably sealed in the fire box 32 of a domestic heating furnace orthe like 33 above the grate bars or other suitable support 34 therein bya suitable refractory material 35.

Fuel oil from a tank or other source is supplied by gravity to the fuelsupply pipe 22 through a fuel line 35 and a high level fuel supply shutolf valve 3'I mounted so as to shut off the fuel supply to thecombustion bowl I0 when fuel therein rises to the level indicated by thedot and dash line 38 in Figs. 1 and 3 to prevent fuel from overflowingthe combustion bowl should fuel be supplied thereto faster than it canbe burned therein, to prevent overflowing of fuel oil should combustionin the oil burner cease, and to prevent the overflow of fuel oilsupplied to the combustion bowl ID before the same is ignited. It willbe noted that the high level of the fuel in the combustion bowl IIl isestablished slightly above the fuel distributing step 2| thereof.

lThe amount of draft supplied to the oil burner is preferably regulatedby such suitable means' as the pivoted .damper 39 of the clean out door40 positioned in the front of the said domestic heating furnace or thelike 33. The amount of fuel oil fed to the oil burner and the amount ofdraft permitted to enter the domestic heating furnace 33 or the likeinto which the oil burner is installed may be regulated manually or byany knovm thermostatic means as may be desired.

When the oil burner is put into service fuel oil is placed in theradially dished bottom |10 of the annular combustion bowl I0 and isignited whereupon the said fuel oil is permitted to burn slowly with thedamper door 39 substantially closed. As soon as the oil burner becomeshot, fuel oil is caused to flow through the fuel supply `pipe 22 to theannular fuel distributing step 2| of the combustion bowl I0. As soon asthe fuel distributing step 2| is filled with fuel oil, the said fuel oiloverflows therefrom down the annular steps 2B, I9 and rI8 whereupon thesaid fuel oil becomes heated to a highly volatile state from the latentheat of the combustion bowl I8. The oil slowly running down the saidsteps 20, I9 and I8 becomes ignited from the flame of the fuel oil whichis burning in the radially dished inner bottom |10 of the saidcombustion bowl I0. As soon as the fuel oil is burned out of the saidradially dished inner bottom I'Ill of the combustion bowl I0 the saidoil burner is hot enough to function normally whereupon the ydamper 39is opened and draft is permitted to enter the bottom of the domesticheating furnace or the like 33.

After the oil burner is once lighted and heated as hereinbeforedescribed the fuel oil supplied to the fuel distributing step 2|gradually runs down the steps 28, I9 and I8 and slowly burns in thecombustion bowl I0 with a small amount of air being supplied theretofrom below the said oil burner through the central aperture 28 asindicated by the dotted arrows 3| in Fig. 1. The slow burning flame ofthe oil running down the annular steps 20, I9 and I8 from the annularfuel distributing step 2| follows the said arrows 3| out of thecombustion bowl I0 between the outer rim I6 thereof and the outerannular depending lip I 40 of the jet ring I4 as illustrated in Fig. 1.the heat of the slow burning flame above the outer annular portion ofthe combustion bowl I3 between the outer rim I6 thereof and the saidouter depending lip |40 of the jet ring I4 causes the majority of thedraft permitted to enter the lower portion of the domestic heatingfurnace or the like 33 to jet radially outward and upward through thespace between the cap I3 of the oil burner and the jet ring I4 asindicated by the full line arrows 3D in Fig. 1. When the said air jettouches the lazy flame from the combustion bowl at the intersection ofthe dotted line arrows 3| and the full line arrows 30 in Fig. 1, thelazy flame of the fuel oil burning in the combustion bowl I 0 istransferred into a live air jetted oil flame in which completecombustion of the said fuel oil previously made highly volatile byheating in the combustion bowl as hereinbefore described takes place.The said jet of air passing through the oil burner becomes pre-heated bycontact therewith prior to mixing with the lazy flame from thecombustion bowl IU.

Although the oil burner has been shown and described in connection witha domestic heating furnace 33 or the like, it is readily observed thatthe said oil burner may be used wherever an oil burning heating elementof the type is found to be desirable.

Although but one embodiment of the invention has been disclosed anddescribed herein, it is to be understood that Various changes includingthe size, shape, arrangement and detail of the various parts thereof maybe made without departing from the spirit of the invention and it is notmy intention to limit the scope of the invention other than by the termsof the appended claims.

I claim:

l. An oil burner comprising, in combination, an annular combustion bowl,a disc shaped cap of less diameter than said combustion bowl positiontoward the center thereof, a disc shapedcap of less diameter than saidcombustion bowl positioned in spaced relationship thereover, an annularjet ring spaced below said disc shaped cap, an outer depending lip onsaid jet ring extending into said combustion bowl but spaced -from thebottom thereof, and means for distributing fuel oil supplied to the saidannular combustion bowl uniformly therearound.

3. An oil burner comprising, in combination, an annular combustion bowl,a disc shaped cap of less diameter than said combustion bowl positionedin spaced relationship thereover, an annular jet ring spaced below saiddisc shaped cap, an outer depending lip on said jet ring extending intosaid combustion bowl but spaced from the bottom thereof, and an annularstep in the said combustion bowl sloping radially inward toward theinner rim of the said combustion bowl wherein fuel oil supplied to thesaid annular combustion bowl is distributed uniformly therearound.

4. An oil burner comprising, in combination, an annular combustion bowlhaving the inner bottom thereof radially dished to a higher elevationtoward the center thereof, a disc shaped cap of less diameter than saidcombustion bowl positioned in spaced relationship thereover, an annularjet ring spaced below said disc shaped cap, an outer depending lip onsaid jet ring extending into said combustion bowl but spaced from thebottom thereof, and an annular step in the said combustion bowl slopingradially inward toward the inner rim of the said combustion bowl whereinfuel oil supplied to the said annular combustion bowl is distributeduniformly therearound.

5. An oil burner comprising, in combination, an annular combustion bowl,a disc shaped cap of less diameter than said combustion bowl positionedin spaced relationship thereover, an annular jet ring spaced below saiddisc shaped cap, an outer depending lip on said jet ring extending intosaid combustion bowl but spaced from the bottom thereof, an annular stepin the said oombustion bowl sloping radially inward toward the inner rimof the said combustion bowl wherein fuel oil supplied to the saidannular combustion bowl is distributed uniformly therearound, and aplurality of annular steps in the said combustion bowl risingsuccessively upward from the bottom thereof toward the said fueldistributing step thereof.

6. An oil burner comprising, in combination, an annular combustion bowlhaving the inner bottom radially dished to a higher elevation toward thecenter thereof, a disc shaped cap of less diameter than said combustionbowl positioned in spaced relationship thereover, an annular jet ringspaced below said disc shaped cap, an outer depending lip on said jetring extending into said combustion bowl but spaced from the bottomthereof, an annular step in the said cornbustion bowl sloping radiallyinward toward the inner rim of the said combustion bowl wherein fuel oilsupplied to the said annular combustion bowl is distributed uniformlytherearound, and a plurality of annular steps in the said combustionbowl rising from the high point of the radially dished bottom thereofsuccessively upward from the said dished bottom thereof toward the saidfuel distributing step thereof.

7. An oil burner comprising, in combination, an annular combustion bowlincluding a central hub supported in spaced relationship from the innerperiphery of the said combustion bowl by a plurality of radiallydisposed webs, a disc shaped cap of less diameter than said combustionbowl supported on said hub in spaced relationship above said combustionbowl, an annular jet ring substantially the same outside diameter as thesaid disc shaped cap suspended in spaced relationship therebelow, anouter depending lip on said jet ring extending into the said combustionbowl but spaced from the bottom thereof, an annular step in the saidcombustion bowl above the bottom thereof sloping radially inward anddownward toward the inner rim of the said combustion bowl wherein fuelsupplied to the said combustion bowl is distributed uniformlytherearound, the said hub and radially disposed webs of the saidcombustion bowl having communicating bores therein through which fuel isfed to the said combustion bowl at the said fuel distributing stepthereof, and a plurality of annular steps in the said combustion bowlrising successively upward from the bottom thereof toward the said fueldistributing step thereof.

8. An oil burner comprising, in combination, an annular combustion bowlincluding a central hub supported in spaced relationship from the innerperiphery of the said combustion bowl by a plurality of radiallydisposed webs, a disc shaped cap of less diameter than said combustionbowl supported on said hub in spaced relationship above said combustionbowl, an annular jet ring substantially the same outside diameter as thesaid disc shaped cap suspended in spaced relationship therebelow, anouter depending lip on said jet ring extending into the saine combustionbowl but spaced from the bottom thereof, the inner bottom of the saidcombustion bowl being radially dished to a higher elevation toward thecenter thereof, an annular step in the said combustion bowl above thebottom thereof sloping radially inward and downward toward the inner rimof the said combustion bowl wherein fuel supplied to the said combustionbowl is distributed uniformly therearound, the said hub and radiallydisposed webs of the said combustion bowl having communicating borestherein through which fuel is fed to the said combustion bowl at thesaid fuel distributing step thereof, and a plurality of annular steps inthe said combustion bowl rising from the high point vof the radiallydished bottom thereof successively upward from the said dished bottomthereof toward the said fuel distributing step thereof.

ERNEST F. ADOLFSON.

